Photoreceptors Modulate the Flowering and Morphogenesis Responses of Pelargonium × hortorum to Night-Interruption Light Quality Shifting

This study examines how the day neutral plant (DNP) Pelargonium × hortorum L.H. Bailey ‘Ringo 2000 Violet’ is impacted by LED night-interruption light (NIL) quality shifting in terms of flowering, morphogenesis, and transcription photoreceptor genes. A closed-type factory with white (W) LEDs providing 180 ?mol·m?2·s?1 PPFD for long (LD, 16 h light, 8 dark), short (SD, 10 14 or SD 4 night interruption (NI) was used to grow plants. Two NIL qualities were employed, where after first two hours, switched from one another among (W), far-red (Fr), red (R), blue (B). total 12 treatments used, LD serving as control: NI-BR (from B R), NI-RB R B), NI-RFr Fr), NI-FrR Fr NI-BFr NI-FrB NI-WB W NI-BW W), NI-FrW NI-WFr NI-RW NI-WR R). refers a long-day treatment. Geranium plants taller NI that included than those other shortest Flowering seen all notably encouraged regardless sequence applied. In NI-RFr, high expressions phyA, phyB, cry1 observed. Flower formation morphogenesis both photoperiod. Both flowering strongly second NIL, but had no effects on either. These findings indicate improve which may be commercial DNP production.